Tag Archives: smart-beta

Understand Your Smart Beta: A U.S. Min Vol Example

Summary Smart beta strategies are not always smart and are not just beta. USMV is a smart beta strategy that demonstrates alpha. Don’t buy USMV to reduce volatility, buy it because you believe it has alpha. Smart beta is active management and you should understand the source of outperformance for a given strategy. Smart beta strategies are not always smart and are not just beta. Smart beta ETFs can be used to take active positions relative to a given index. The goal of the smart beta ETF is to outperform the index, after adjusting for risk. This is the same goal as any other active investment strategy. There needs to be an underlying reason the active positions, in a smart beta ETF, will continue to outperform on a risk adjusted basis. The Theory: A great example is the iShares MSCI USA Minimum Volatility ETF (NYSEARCA: USMV ). USMV purchases a portfolio of U.S. equities such that volatility is minimized, given a set of constraints. From a marketing perspective it is a great idea. Who doesn’t want to buy lower volatility stocks? However, if USMV does not offer alpha then it serves no purpose in a portfolio. Now, let’s bring in the theory. CAPM says that all returns are explained by their exposure to market beta. CAPM assumes markets are efficient & normally distributed. I am not saying that CAPM is a perfect theory, but it should be the starting point for an analysis. The Fama-French Three Factor Model was the first “smart beta” model. The three factor model says there are other factors that can explain the return and tilting to those may factors increases risk adjusted return, i.e. alpha. Market inefficiencies need to exist for CAPM not to work and for a given smart beta strategy to work. Inefficiencies can come from several places including market structure, behavioral, information availability and other factors. The Formula: Smart Beta Strategy Return = Beta*(Market Return) + Alpha. The alpha can come from factor tilts that occur in smart beta. This assumes the risk free rate is 0.0%. The Inefficiency: Please don’t say you want to buy USMV to lower your volatility! You can buy the Vanguard S&P 500 ETF ( VOO) + cash to achieve the same exact beta, it is also a lot cheaper. Buy USMV for the correct reason. USMV outperforms the market, after adjusting for risk, because it picks up a market inefficiency. USMV has been shown to have an alpha of 4.2% from October 2011 to July 2015. (click to enlarge) It is important to understand the market inefficiency that USMV relies on. The inefficiency is from U.S. mutual funds owning cash and wanting a beta of 1 or higher. For a mutual fund to have a beta of 1, while also owning cash, it must purchase higher beta stocks. Therefore higher beta stocks (high volatility stocks) receive a higher flow of dollars. This makes lower beta stocks (lower volatility stocks) are cheaper than they otherwise would be. USMV owners are effectively taking their excess return from U.S. equity mutual fund investors. Conclusion: When Investing in Smart Beta… Certain smart beta strategies outperform the index due to inherent market inefficiencies. Understand the underlying reason why a smart beta strategy will outperform an index (at least check that it shows alpha historically after adjusting for market beta). Don’t buy USMV to reduce volatility, buy it because you believe it has alpha. If you want to reduce volatility then sell risky assets and buy cash. Smart beta is active management and you should understand the source of outperformance for a given strategy. USMV has historically shown positive alpha of 4.2% and I expect the market inefficiency that it relies on to continue. Disclosure: I/we have no positions in any stocks mentioned, and no plans to initiate any positions within the next 72 hours. (More…) I wrote this article myself, and it expresses my own opinions. I am not receiving compensation for it (other than from Seeking Alpha). I have no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article. Share this article with a colleague

5 Smart Beta Predictions For 2015

January brings plenty of resolutions along with forecasts. I’ll spare you the details of my renewed commitment to kale and cardio fitness and instead focus on what the year ahead could look like for one of the most talked about investment ideas ― smart beta . Investors and advisors alike are becoming intrigued with an approach that combines elements of passive and active investing and can potentially outperform a typical index strategy. It’s a different way of thinking about investing, focusing on the true drivers of risk and return and putting them together in a way that’s designed to create better outcomes. Here are my top five predictions for smart beta as it continues to mature in 2015: Less arguing, more action At the last industry conference I attended, I counted six (six!) different panels on the topic of smart beta. That’s the great news. The bad: Almost every panel and press article gets mired in a discussion of the name—Do you like it or hate it? Is it always smart? Is it really beta? Enough already! This pedantic focus on the name distracts from the fact that smart beta might just be one of the most meaningful developments in the investment landscape of this decade. So let’s stop arguing over whether or not it’s “smart” or whether or not it’s beta and start talking about how it has the potential to improve investment outcomes. This year, I predict we’ll see more agreement on common classifications for the category that describe how different types of smart beta can serve different purposes. This will help investors compare and contrast smart beta strategies and the role they might play in their portfolios. Smart beta gets some respect Along with ceasing the name game, I’d also like to call a halt to the active/passive debate. Purists would argue that smart beta is neither active nor passive—and I’m inclined to agree. It’s simply smart beta—including elements of both active and passive investing. This year, I predict that investors will increasingly recognize smart beta as its own asset class and consider an allocation alongside their existing active and passive investments. Moving on to SB 2.0 The earliest and most widely adopted forms of smart beta have been equity index portfolios that are weighted by factors such as price to earnings or dividend yield, rather than by traditional market capitalization. While these index-driven strategies, often delivered in the form of exchange traded funds ( ETFs ), can help enhance returns or reduce risk, smart beta doesn’t end there. How can we deliver exposure to a particular asset class in a way that improves diversification and risk adjusted returns, or takes advantage of known market anomalies? This is smart beta. This year, I predict investors will continue to embrace equity index versions of smart beta, while also exploring the potential for more outcome-oriented strategies in other asset classes. Which brings me to prediction number four… Joining the hunt for yield The search for yield is perhaps the biggest challenge investors face in today’s interest rate climate. Reaching into longer dated securities to boost income is increasingly difficult to stomach, even with Federal Reserve Chair Janet Yellen promising to keep interest rates low for longer. Traditional fixed income indexes are currently biased toward longer term bonds, a bias that can hurt investors if rates rise, and have the largest exposures to companies or countries with the greatest amount of debt, potentially increasing credit default risk. Yet, simply reducing duration or credit exposure could erode the yield that investors so avidly pursue. One way to diversify traditional fixed income investments is to consider strategies that shift away from highly indebted companies and offer a balance between interest rate and credit risk… while still providing an attractive yield. This year, I predict that we’ll hear a lot more about smart beta in fixed income as an attractive alternative to traditional passive bond indexes. (I’ll discuss fixed income smart beta in more detail in my next post.) The resurgence of Min Vol Minimum volatility strategies were among the most popular forms of equity smart beta that attracted fervent attention in the wake of the credit crisis. Minimum volatility strategies seek to decrease the effects of the market’s ups and downs over time by providing equity investors lower risk alternatives to traditional equity portfolios. These funds enjoyed a rapid rise in fame, gathering an estimated $9.1 billion in net ETP flows in 2012 and 2013 ( Source: Bloomberg) . Since then, attention has waned. After three consecutive years of double-digit equity market returns ( Total gross return for S&P 500 Index from 12/31/2011 – 12/31/2014) there was less focus on the need for downside protection. However, over the last several months market volatility has returned with a vengeance—a function of changing monetary policy in the U.S. and a plethora of geopolitical risks popping up around the globe. In this environment of increased uncertainty, I predict that minimum volatility strategies will re-enter the spotlight as a way for investors to maintain equity exposure while seeking less risk. Original post

Smart-Beta, Small-Cap ETFs Could Outperform

Small caps have been underperforming large caps. New research paper suggests investors should compare like with like, and small caps would outperform when controlling for quality. Focus on alternative index-based small-cap ETFs. When picking out small-capitalization stock exposure, exchange-traded fund investors may be better of with funds based on alternative indices that weed out weaker companies. For instance, small-cap ETFs like the WisdomTree SmallCap Dividend Fund (NYSEARCA: DES ) , PowerShares Fundamental Pure Small Cap Core Portfolio (NYSEARCA: PXSC ) and First Trust Small Cap Core AlphaDEX Fund (NYSEARCA: FYX ) track alternative or smart-beta indices that don’t follow traditional market-capitalization weighted methodologies, as opposed to the widely monitored iShares Russell 2000 ETF (NYSEARCA: IWM ) , which is based of the Russell 2000 benchmark. According to a recent research note, ” Size matters, if You Control Your Junk ,” conducted by US hedge fund AQR, along with Tobias Moskowitz, a finance professor at Chicago Booth, small-cap stocks outperform large caps when quality of the companies is taken into account, reports James Mackintosh for Financial Times . “Controlling for quality/junk also explains interactions between size and other return characteristics such as value and momentum,” according to the research paper. Many small-cap stock investors have been disappointed by last year’s nine percentage point underperformance to large-cap stocks. However, the research paper explains that investors should compare like with like. For instance, small high-quality companies outperformed larger high-quality companies while small junk beat out large junk stocks. Consequently, funds and ETFs based off of benchmark indices like the Russell 2000 or the FTSE Small Cap, which carry more junky stocks at the bottom end of the market, would offset potential benefits of quality small-cap stocks. However, when controlling for quality, small caps have generated decent returns. For example, DES weights holdings based on the aggregate cash dividends that companies are projected to pay in the coming year. PXSC is based on a RAFI Fundamental Index, which selects components based on fundamental factors like sales, cash flow, dividends and book value. FYX ranks stocks from the S&P SmallCap 600 Index on growth factors including three, six and 12-month price appreciation, sales to price and one-year sales growth, and separately on value factors including book value to price, cash flow to price and return on assets. Over the past year, DES has increased 7.3% and PXSC gained 8.4%. In contrast, IWM rose 2.8% over the past year. Nevertheless, over the short term, “beta