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Best High-Yield Bond Funds For 2015 – Part 3

Summary HYD has a higher yield and lower credit quality. HYMB has higher credit quality and better total return history. HYMB has large exposure to California. In part one , we compared the two largest high-yield bond funds: iShares iBoxx $ High Yield Corporate Bond (NYSEARCA: HYG ) and SPDR Barclays Capital High Yield Bond (NYSEARCA: JNK ). In part two , we compared two short-term high-yield bond funds: PIMCO 0-5 Year High Yield Corporate Bond (NYSEARCA: HYS ) and SPDR Barclays Short Term High Yield Bond (NYSEARCA: SJNK ). In part three, we will look at the offerings in the high-yield municipal bond space: SPDR Nuveen S&P High Yield Municipal Bond (NYSEARCA: HYMB ), Market Vectors High-Yield Municipal Index (NYSEARCA: HYD ) and the much newer Market Vectors Short High-Yield Municipal Index (NYSEARCA: SHYD ). Index & Strategy HYD tracks the Barclays Municipal Custom High Yield Composite Index while HYMB tracks the S&P Municipal Yield Index. HYD was created in February 2009, HYMB in April 2011. These two funds have a correlation of 0.9836. On the expense ratio, HYMB has an asterisk because it is currently subsidized through October 31, 2015. Without the subsidy, the expense ratio would be 0.50 percent (the yield would also dip 0.05 percent). On volume, HYD’s price is half that of HYMB, so dollar volume is about three times higher for HYD. HYD has a higher yield, lower expenses and longer average duration. As we’ve seen when comparing other high-yield ETFs, total returns have favored the funds with shorter durations, lower yields and higher credit quality. As for the latter, HYD has 30 percent of assets in BBB rated debt; 22 percent in BB; and 17 percent in B. HYMB has superior credit quality, with 21 percent of assets in A rated debt; 22 percent in Baa; and 33 percent below Baa. Both portfolios have about one-quarter of assets in unrated debt. Both funds give a geographic breakdown of their assets as well. HYMB has 14.2 percent of assets in California, while HYD has only 8.9 percent in the state. HYMB’s next largest state is Texas, with 7.5 percent of assets, while HYD’s second largest holding is NY with 8.5 percent of assets. One other option out there is Market Vectors Short High-Yield Municipal Index. The fund tracks the Barclays Municipal High Yield Short Duration Index. It has an expense ratio of 0.35 percent and a yield of 3.10 percent. It has a duration of 4.17 years. The fund is overweight Texas, at 10.5 percent of assets. Credit quality is 48 percent in BBB rated debt; 16 percent in BB; 10 percent in B; and 2 percent in CCC. It has higher credit quality than HYD. The fund has only $80 million in assets and trades about 20,000 shares per day. SHYD had only one year of history, with an inception date in January 2014. Performance The price ratio chart of HYD and HYMB shows HYD in a persistent downtrend, signifying under performance. However, there are two clear periods when HYD outperformed: summer 2011 and summer 2013, while under performing in July 2014. (click to enlarge) Summer 2011 was a period when investors worried about sovereign debt in the U.S. and Europe, getting to the point where people were discussing a U.S. Treasury default. In summer 2013, Detroit declared bankruptcy , while in summer 2014, Puerto Rican bonds sold off sharply. This shows that the portfolios have deviated substantially when volatility increases. A performance chart shows that only the Detroit bankruptcy led to significant price declines. (click to enlarge) Income HYMB has a 30-day SEC yield of 3.83 percent versus HYD’s 4.31 percent yield. As has been the case with other high-yield funds, falling interest rates have weighed on the fund’s payouts. (click to enlarge) Risk & Reward Compared to the Barclays Municipal Index, HYD has a beta of 1.50 and HYMB has a beta of 1.61. Investors are taking on more market risk with these funds as compared to aggregate muni bond funds and the beta reflects this. The Barclays Municipal Index has a standard deviation of 3.72. HYD has a standard deviation of 6.24 and HYMB a standard deviation of 6.42. These standard deviations are higher than any of the junk bonds previously covered in parts one and two. This is due to the volatility surrounding Detroit’s bankruptcy in 2013. High-yield corporate bonds have enjoyed a smoother ride over the past three years and this is reflected in their lower standard deviation. Bloomberg’s ranking of states by their underfunded pensions shows a wide gap between the states when it comes to financial management. Between HYD and HYMB, the one state that sticks out is California. While most state exposure is similar, California accounts for 5 percentage points more of HYMB’s assets. Investors with a strong opinion on California’s long-term finances can opt for one fund over the other, but for other states, single state exposure is not as large a concern. Conclusion Municipal debt is not out of the woods because unfunded liabilities will eventually become a public debt if the municipality doesn’t go bust first. In the long-run, that favors HYMB’s superior credit quality-assuming California isn’t one of the problem states in the future. As for 2015, municipal bonds appear to be in good shape. Investor interest in municipal bonds recovered in 2014 after a drop in 2013. The Federal Reserve Z1 report shows municipal debt was $2.999 trillion in 2009, and as of Q3 2014, that number fell to $2.908 trillion. State and local governments have been slowly repaying their debt, leaving many states in a stronger financial position than they were six years ago. Liabilities such as unfunded pensions are a concern in states that haven’t addressed the problem, but overall the supply of muni debt has stayed constant as the economy has grown. While the municipal bond market looks attractive next to corporate junk bonds in terms of risk/reward, PIMCO 0-5 Year High Yield Corporate Bond (covered in part two) appears more attractive for 2015 given it has declined since the summer along with high-yield corporate bonds. If the economy stays strong in 2015, HYS is likely to recover and deliver some capital appreciation. It lacks energy exposure, which could struggle if the U.S. dollar continues its rally in 2015, and that could help it beat other high-yield bonds funds this year.

RWE – Recovery Postponed, Indefinitely?

RWE has warned earnings will not as expected bottom out in 2015. It will also struggle with its debt target. The announced strategic moves are not enough short term relief. Political risk is high with major pieces of legislation in a controversial debate, namely capacity markets and climate legislation. RWE is the most exposed within the peer group. As power markets in Europe get taken over by new structures, volatility and earnings risk, energy system infrastructure is a better investment proposition. RWE’s ( OTCPK:RWEOY ) earnings warning weighs stronger short term than its strategic moves. The company will continue to struggle with weak commodities and high leverage in 2015, despite the DEA sale. It may embark onto some rescuing of value through power plant sales, but it does not have the potential to deliver a similar strategic boost to E.ON. RWE is at the heat of the political storm that still has high potential to deliver more unpleasant surprises. Infrastructure and the private sector, conversely, might be beneficiaries. There are signs that private investors with longer strategic horizon are circling around distressed assets. They will gain a more important part in a decentralized energy market. Asset rotation will be a feature. My view of increasing M&A activity remains underpinned. RWE is not out of the woods yet; investors who were hoping for earnings stabilization as indicated by the company in April 2014 may be disappointed. Management has warned on earnings , saying that the earnings trough may not occur in 2015 yet. Consensus has not bottomed out for 2015 yet and it may still come down. Power prices are the unsurprising cause of the problem. Futures are pointing nowhere to a meaningful enough recovery, and the broader commodities environment is not any more supportive. RWE more than any of its peers, needs significant commodity recovery. In tandem with the above comes relentless balance sheet stress. I find little chance of material decrease of leverage. The Urenco sale will not come through short term. The CEO has further confirmed that leverage falling to 3x net debt/Ebitda by 2016 will be “extremely difficult to achieve”. I estimate just short of 4x for 2016. Attention will swiftly return to risk to the dividend. RWE may rescue some value through selling its power stations that are unprofitable abroad as announced this week. That is clearly a strategy to mitigate cash losses. It would bring minor debt reduction. Some of the company’s plant is new and competitive technology. The bulk of the RWE’s mothballing and closure programme is less than 20 years old, some plants are not even three years from commissioning. That concerns particularly gas. It is sensible that management looks to maximise value of otherwise potentially stranded assets. But, a power plant cannot be displaced and sold into another location like other capital assets. High quality and well performing equipment may still find a market value in locations with tighter reserve margins and new build demand. The CEE region comes to mind. There is also an active secondary plant market also in Asia. There will clearly be a loss of value for RWE. Investors should not hold up high hopes of significant earnings contributions from the process. Signaling power to the political powers may be stronger than actual earnings impact. Infrastructure investors have begun to look at power generation with a view of power price recovery over the long term. The prospect for capacity payments may underpin that kind of activity. Germany is uncertain on that note, but plenty of European countries putting into place capacity markets could keep M&A activity up. All of RWE’s strategic moves could in the end amount to a similar outcome to E.ON’s corporate split. The company has been vocal about reducing the share of generation to 5% of earnings. Most recently, the CFO has now said it no longer rules out a similar move even though management decided against it in 2012. RWE is in a different situation to E.ON ( OTCQX:EONGY ), in that it cannot bring as diversified a generation park into any potential new co. Merging renewables into a “genco” may remedy to a point. But in that case management would have to have a clear strategy about how it would pursue downstream brand equity and service/product packing for which renewables exposure is important. A split co will also not have the same upstream and oil and gas diversification as E.ON. That would make a genco or “upstreamco” resemble much more of a bad bank than in the case of E.ON. Importantly, it would in my view have to raise capital in order to fund the nuclear liabilities that the genco would inherit. RWE might embark onto greater strategic change beyond its already announced transformational steps. That would be a positive. But with the chances increasing that more steps are taken, so does the probability of a capital increase. I see significant potential for large parts of RWE’s business going private. Meanwhile, the debate over capacity payments rages on. The Economy Minister’s has again repeated he is opposed to capacity payments , which is out of line with market expectations. The political debate bears high potential for disappointment. My preferred exposure in all of this is infrastructure, engineering and market backbone. Editor’s Note: This article discusses one or more securities that do not trade on a major exchange. Please be aware of the risks associated with these stocks.

The Strong U.S. Dollar Could Pressure S&P 500 Earnings

Summary U.S. dollar is strengthening against a basket of foreign currencies. How a stronger dollar could affect S&P 500 company earnings. Sectors that are exposed to foreign exchange currency risks. The quickly appreciating U.S. dollar could begin to weigh on corporate earnings, especially among large-cap S&P 500 stocks and related exchange traded funds with significant overseas exposure. The SPDR S&P 500 ETF (NYSEArca: SPY ) , which tries to reflect the performance of the S&P 500 index, has increased 11.5% over the past year but is down 1.9% year-to-date. The stronger USD is expected to diminish profits for large companies that do business overseas, and some strategists contend that the strengthening currency and low energy prices could constrain quarterly S&P 500 earnings growth to just 3%, compared to previous calls for a 7% rise at the start of October, reports Eric Platt for Financial Times . The PowerShares DB U.S. Dollar Index Bullish Fund (NYSEArca: UUP ) has increased 13.1% over the past year and rose 2.6% year-to-date. The appreciating greenback, which has been rallying against a basket of foreign currencies since July, could pressure the S&P 500 where foreign sales make up over two-fifths of total turnover, with 261 companies in the index generating over 15% of revenues overseas. Deutsche Bank calculates that for every 10% increase in the USD against major currency baskets, the S&P 500 earnings face a potential decline of “slightly over $2,” or each 10 cent drop in the euro from about $1.2 could cut $1 from S&P 500 earnings. “The uncertainty in commodities, foreign exchange and interest rates across the curve is high, confounded by uncertainty in quantifying their influence on earnings per share and price-earnings,” David Bianco, strategist at Deutsche, said in the FT article. “We expect more cuts during fourth-quarter earnings season, especially for those with FX exposure.” For instance, GameStop (NYSE: GME ) has already blamed the “strength of the US dollar” for part of its slide in holiday same-store sales. On a sector-by-sector basis, observers believe the technology, materials and energy sectors will likely be the most affected by a stronger dollar as each sector generates over half of revenues abroad. Year-to-date, the Technology Select Sector SPDR (NYSEArca: XLK ) fell 5.0%, Materials Select Sector SPDR (NYSEArca: XLB ) decreased 1.5% and Energy Select Sector SPDR (NYSEArca: XLE ) dipped 2.4%. Cantor Fitzgerald analysts have warned that companies with “material international exposure,” such as Google (NASDAQGM: GOOG ), Facebook (NASDAQGM: FB ), Amazon (NASDAQGM: AMZN ) and eBay (NASDAQGM: EBAY ), could report reduced earnings forecasts if the “trend is sustained.” XLK includes GOOG 6.4%, FB 4.0% and EBAY 1.6%. SPY holds GOOG 1.6%, FB 0.9%, AMZN 0.6% and EBAY 0.3%. SPDR S&P 500 ETF (click to enlarge) Max Chen contributed to this article .