Tag Archives: infrastructure

Alternatives For The Future

The article first appeared in the December issue of REP . magazine and online at WealthManagement.com Along with other Yuletide treats, some Yanks are now anticipating the gift of a Fed rate hike. Better-than-expected employment numbers, an uptick in the manufacturing sector and pickup in wages have given the U.S. central bank the backstory for normalizing the nation’s monetary policy. The odds of a rate step-up, implied by Federal Funds futures, shot up from 7 percent to 70 percent in November. Simultaneously, expectations pushed the Treasury long bond yield up nearly a quarter of a point, effectively discounting the Fed’s anticipated action. Now that the markets have priced in the first Fed rate hike, it’s debatable whether it will be “one-and-done,” or the first step along a steady path of snugging. Either way, the die is cast: Rates are bound to rise, and sooner rather than later. With the coming of the end of the zero-rate environment, investors and advisors must rethink their portfolio strategies, most especially their alternative investment allocations. The basic question facing them now is which exposures are most likely to continue providing risk diversification in a rising rate environment. To answer that question, let’s look back at the liquid alt universe over the past five years and gauge each category’s correlation to a fixed income market proxy, the iShares Core Total U.S. Bond Market ETF (NYSEARCA: AGG ). AGG tracks an index of investment grade notes and bonds including Treasuries, agencies and corporates as well as mortgage- and asset-backed paper, all with a weighted average maturity just under 13 years. Currently, AGG offers a 2.4 percent distribution yield. Two Things An ideal diversifier should be negatively correlated to AGG. Thus, when rates rise (and AGG’s price, as a consequence, falls), the alternative investment should appreciate. There are five categories that are negatively correlated to AGG: arbitrage, hedged equity, commodities, long/short equity and market-neutral. Based on the foregoing criterion alone, the arbitrage category seems to have the best track record over the past five years. Keep in mind two things, though. First, the correlation coefficient doesn’t measure cumulative returns. It only depicts the statistical relationship between each investment’s month-to-month price movements. And second, the category performance represents the market-weighted average of several portfolios. The arbitrage category, for example, comprises five products, four mutual funds and one exchange traded fund (ETF). Market weighting gives us insight into investor behavior and allows us to more clearly see how investors are actually putting their capital to work. The stand-out arb portfolio is the relatively small Quaker Event Arbitrage Fund (MUTF: QEAAX ) with a correlation of -0.21 to AGG and an average annual return of 2.39 percent. QEAAX deals in mergers, takeovers, spin-offs and other reorganizations, hoping to capture securities mispricings. The obvious problem with QEAAX, if a problem is to be found, is its high correlation to equities. QEAAX, after all, buys and sells stocks. If the prospect of rising rates spooks the equity market, as indeed it seems to have done, the Quaker fund’s NAV will likely be pressured. Hedged equity funds are also highly correlated to the broad stock market. The “hedge” in the category’s title refers to the variety of strategies employed by constituent funds to attenuate, but not necessarily eliminate, beta. The Schooner Fund (MUTF: SCNAX ), for example, is a long-biased fund that utilizes a buy-write (covered call) strategy to boost income. That said, SCNAX, with a -0.19 correlation to AGG, benefits most from a mildly bullish equity market. SCNAX pays just 0.57 percent in dividends. Commodity funds-long-only indexed portfolios-are only modestly correlated to stocks, but are suffering from a four-year disinflationary malaise. All, save one, are negatively correlated with AGG. It’s the PIMCO Commodity Real Return Strategy Fund (MUTF: PCRIX ), which overlays an actively managed fixed income strategy atop the index portfolio, that earns a 0.04 correlation to AGG. It should come as no surprise that long/short equity funds are highly correlated to the broad stock market. Nearly half of the 16 funds in the category, in fact, correlate to the SPDR S&P 500 Trust ETF (NYSEARCA: SPY ) at better than 0.85. Of these, one with the most negative correlation to AGG (-0.31) is the Diamond Hill Long-Short Fund (MUTF: DIAMX ), a portfolio that commands a 22 percent share of the category. Market-neutral funds attempt to hedge out general market exposure, i.e., aim for a beta near zero, to allow full expression of the manager’s concentrated bets. The multi-manager Deutsche Diversified Market Neutral Fund (MUTF: DDMIX ) accomplishes this with the category’s most negative correlation to AGG (-0.16). Alternative Income There’s a category we haven’t yet examined: alternative income. Three funds, in particular, have five-year track records, two mutual funds and an ETF. Collectively, these funds exhibit a modestly negative correlation (-0.06) to AGG, though you can see there’s a fair degree of “zig” to AGG’s “zag” in Chart 2. Viewed separately, these funds offer distinct value propositions: The $7.6 billion ALPS Alerian MLP ETF (NYSEARCA: AMLP ) tracks the price and yield performance of the Alerian MLP Infrastructure Index, a modified capitalization-weighted and float-adjusted benchmark of two dozen U.S. energy master limited partnerships (MLPs). To allow a full allocation to MLPs, AMLP is structured as a C-corporation, which means it can’t pass through the full return of its underlying index. Payouts are distributed net of corporate tax, which translates into a daunting expense ratio of 5.4 percent. The good news is that most of these distributions come tax-deferred to investors, making its 8.4 percent distribution yield doubly attractive. Worse News There’s, of course, worse news: The energy sector’s tanked this year, taking AMLP’s share price with it. The fund lost 28 percent on the year through mid-November. The JPMorgan Strategic Income Opportunities Fund (MUTF: JSOAX ) is an unconstrained bond fund with an absolute return orientation. The $18.4 billion fund has the flexibility to allocate its assets across a broad range of fixed income securities and derivatives as well as strategies employing cash and short-term investments. JSOAX is not afraid to load up on high-yield securities. JSOAX tends toward a short duration and holds a heavy slug of cash, all of which reduce its interest rate risk. The fund offers a 2.6 percent distribution yield. At $698 million, the Highland Floating Rate Opportunities Fund (MUTF: HFRAX ) is the category’s smallest asset collector. Still, it’s the best performer. HFRAX invests in floating rate bank loans-obligations with interest rates pegged to a spread over Libor (the London Interbank Offered Rate). This puts the fund in the catbird seat in a credit-tightening cycle. Currently, the fund offers a 5 percent distribution yield. You can see in Table 2 the countertrend nature of the HFRAX fund in its -0.22 correlation to AGG and a Sharpe ratio 40 basis points above that of the iShares product. So what have we learned from our little exercise? Simply this: When it comes to hedging interest rate risk, fund performance doesn’t draw assets. At least not yet. The Highland HFRAX fund, despite its impressive metrics, remains relatively obscure. It accounts for barely one-half of 1 percent of the alternative funds’ assets examined here. Perhaps that makes this fund-and newer funds on similar trajectories-undiscovered gems in the upcoming rate environment.

New Jersey Resources’ (NJR) CEO Larry Downes on Q4 2015 Results – Earnings Call Transcript

New Jersey Resources Corporation (NYSE: NJR ) Q4 2015 Earnings Conference Call November 24, 2015 10:00 ET Executives Dennis Puma – Director, Investor Relations Larry Downes – Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Glenn Lockwood – Chief Financial Officer Operator Good morning, everyone and welcome to the New Jersey Resources Fiscal 2015 and Year End Conference Call. All participants will be in a listen-only mode. [Operator Instructions] Please also note that today’s event is being recorded. At this time, I would like to turn the conference call over to Mr. Dennis Puma, Director of Investor Relations. Sir, please go ahead. Dennis Puma Thank you, Jamie. Good morning, everyone. Welcome to New Jersey Resources’ fiscal 2015 year end conference call and webcast. I am joined here today by Larry Downes, our Chairman and CEO, Glenn Lockwood, our Chief Financial Officer, as well as other members of our senior management team. As you know, certain statements in today’s call contain estimates and other forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. We wish to caution listeners of this call that the assumptions forming the basis for forward-looking statements include many factors that are beyond NJR’s ability to control or estimate precisely, which could cause results to materially differ from the company’s expectations. A list of these items can be found, but is not limited to items in the forward-looking statements section of today’s news release filed on Form 8-K and in our most recent 10-K filed with the SEC. Both of these items can be found at sec.gov. NJR does not, by including the statement, assume any obligation to review or revise any particular forward-looking statement referenced herein in light of future events. I would also like to point out that there are slides accompanying today’s presentation, which are available on our website and were also filed on our Form 8-K this morning. With that said, I would like to turn the call over to our Chairman and CEO, Larry Downes. Larry? Larry Downes Thanks, Dennis. Good morning, everyone and thank you for joining us today. For those of you who have seen this morning’s earnings release, you know that our fiscal 2015 performance was strong and exceeded our original expectations. Before I begin, I would like to note a number of changes that we have made to our leadership team which I believe have strengthened us for the future. First of all, Amanda Mullan joined us in April. Amanda serves as our Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer. And also as we announced on November 11, Patrick Migliaccio will assume the role of Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. And Tom Massaro will become Senior Vice President of Marketing, Energy Efficiency and Customer Services. Those will be effective January 1, 2016. I am sure you wonder what’s happening to Glenn. He is currently planning to retire in January of 2017 and is with us here today. I also wanted to focus on our half-day conference that we had with the financial community on October 21 and say that I am grateful to those who attended. During that session, we were able to do a deep dive on all of our businesses, including clean energy ventures and I would like to invite everyone to review our presentations from that day, in particular, the slides that discussed to sell the renewable energy certificate market in New Jersey. We spent a good deal of time at the investor conference talking about the strategy of clean energy ventures and really going a little bit deeper than we have in the past on some of the key drivers of clean energy ventures performance. During my presentation this morning, I will be discussing our future and I will be making forward-looking statements. Our actual results will be affected by many risk factors, including those listed on Slide 1. The complete list is included in our 10-K and as always I would encourage you to please take the time to review those risk factors carefully. And I would also note that these risks are derived from our annual assessment performed as part of our enterprise risk management program. Also as noted on Slide 2, I will be referring to certain non-GAAP measures such as net financial earnings, or NFE as I discuss our results. We believe that NFE provides more complete understanding of our financial performance. However, I would stress that NFE is not intended to be a substitute for GAAP. The non-GAAP measures that we use are discussed more fully in Item 7 of our 10-K and again I would encourage to please review that disclosure carefully as well. Moving to Slide 3, you can see that fiscal 2015 was another strong year for New Jersey Resources. Our net financial earnings per share, was $1.78 that exceeded our original expectations. You will recall that we raised guidance three times during fiscal 2015 because of the solid performance from NJR Energy Services. In fiscal 2015, we provided our shareholders with a very strong 22.8% total return, which exceeded our peer group average. Our strong performance allowed us to increase our dividend in September by 6.7% to an annual rate of $0.96 per share. We have now raised our dividend 22 times during the last two decades. It was another year of extensive investment in the infrastructure by New Jersey Natural Gas and we spent about $179 million for customer growth and to improve reliability and resiliency of our system. The better than forecasted performance of NJR Energy Services over the past two years has enhanced our earnings retention by about $94 million, which has strengthened our financial profile and reduced the need for future equity issuances. Turning to Slide 4 continuing with the highlights of fiscal 2015, as the economy improved throughout our service territory, we saw a 3.4% increase in customer additions in fiscal 2015. Our constructive regulatory relationships with the Board of Public Utilities allowed us to extend both our SAVEGREEN project and our BGSS incentive programs. In September, we exchange our 5.53% interest in the Iroquois pipeline for Dominion Midstream Partners units, that transaction allowed us to diversify our midstream portfolio. And through the diversification of our distributed power portfolio, we continued our ITC transition strategy. In particular, our residential solar program, The Sunlight Advantage now serves nearly 4,000 customers and our second wind project, the Carroll Area project in Iowa was completed. And then finally, NJR Energy Services strong results were supported by short-term volatility and our team’s ability to create value from extreme market conditions. On Slide 5, before I get into reviewing the results for the year, we filed our base rate case on November 13 as the Board of Public Utilities requested when they improved our SAFE infrastructure program in 2012. The $147.6 million rate increase request is primarily to recover cost that we have incurred to improve our system and customer growth. As you can see, we have included the details of the forecasted rate base and cost of capital on this slide and the BPU rate case process typically takes about 12 months that we hope to have new rates in the first quarter of fiscal 2017. Moving to Slide 6, as I said this morning, we announced net financial earnings of $151.5 million, or $1.78 per share for fiscal 2015 that number compared with $176.9 million or $2.10 per share last year. And I think as everyone knows, our fiscal 2015 earnings are at the upper end of our guidance range. Last year as you know, NJR Energy Services had an outstanding year, strong performance again this year, but you can see that when you look at the earnings chart, Glenn is going to review our segment results in more detail shortly, but in looking at our results, you can see that our primary business has performed very well. Our better-than-expected fiscal 2015 NFE performance was driven by improved performance by NJR Energy Services compared with our original NFE guidance as I said although it was lower than fiscal 2014, they had another excellent year. We saw steady growth from our two regulated businesses New Jersey Natural Gas and NJR Midstream and we had a solid contribution from clean energy ventures. Moving to Slide 7, this morning we also announced our net financial earnings guidance for fiscal 2016 in the range of $1.55 to $1.65 per share that is consistent with our goal of average annual net financial earnings growth of 5% to 9% and that uses fiscal 2013 as the base. As you can see, when you look at the pie chart, we expect our regulated businesses, New Jersey Natural Gas and NJR Midstream to contribute between 65% and 80% of our fiscal 2016 net financial earnings. I think it’s also important to note that we expect at this point that NJR Energy Services will contribute between 5% and 15% of net financial earnings, which is consistent with our results in recent years prior to their fiscal 2014 and 2015 performance. And then moving to Slide 8, we give you a summary of our forecasted net financial earnings through fiscal 2018. As you can see, we currently expect 5% to 9% average annual NFE growth. Again, we use fiscal 2013 as our base year. But I think importantly, you can see that the majority of our earnings will come from our regulated businesses. And as we have been pointing up the last several years, our reliance on investment tax credits continues to decline. As you look at the bar chart and you see the earnings above the red line in fiscal 2014 and ‘15 illustrate the $94 million of better than expected earnings retention as a result of NJRES’ strong performance. The forecast assumes that we will experience levels of weather and volatility similar to the past 4 years prior to fiscal 2014. I emphasize that point, because we do want investors to focus on the 5% to 15% that we expect from NJRES and the assumptions that are making up that range. On Slide 9 as I mentioned earlier, in September we raised our dividend by 6.7%. Our goal remains to maintain a dividend growth rate of 6% to 8% annually with payout ratio of 60% to 65%. We believe that our dividend growth goal will exceed our peers, while generating an earning retention rate that will allow us to support both our capital spending programs and future earnings growth. And moving to Slide 10, we show our current capital expenditure forecast through fiscal 2018, which includes total capital investment of more than $1.4 billion. As you can see when you look at the components of that spending, our expectation is that between 60% and 70% of our capital will be invested in our regulated utility and midstream assets. And as we have planned, our solar spending declines. So with that, I will now turn the call over to Glenn and he will review the details of our financial performance. Glenn? Glenn Lockwood Thanks Larry and good morning everyone. I will take a few minutes to review the results of each of our businesses. The increase in utility firm gross margin that we show on Slide 11 for both the fourth fiscal quarter and the year, it is due primarily to the impact of our infrastructure investments that are earning an immediate return, SAVEGREEN, customer growth and incentive programs. NJNG’s NFE for the year was $76.3 million compared with $74.2 million in fiscal ‘14 and was driven by that growth in utility gross margin. For the three months, NJNG reported net financial loss of $7.2 million compared with a net financial of $5.4 million, the leak of the fourth quarter results reflect an increase in our overall state income tax rate. We added 7,858 new customers to our system in fiscal ‘15, 3.4% more than the prior year with approximately half of those customers converting from other fuels primarily fuel oil. These new and conversion customers are expected to contribute approximately $4.5 million annually to utility gross margin. Our BGSS incentive programs had a very strong year, adding $0.12 per share to earnings. Since inception, these programs have saved customers approximately $800 million and provided share owners with an average of $0.05 per share annually. Slide 12 illustrates some of the customer growth numbers I just mentioned. We expect customer growth additions for fiscal ‘16 through fiscal ‘18 of 24,000 to 27,000 represented an annual new customer growth rate of about 1.6%. Moving to Slide 13, working collaboratively with our regulators remains an essential element of our strategy. We have spoken about all of the programs before, so I will just highlight a few. Our BGSS incentive programs, which are comprised of our off-system sales capacity release programs and our storage incentive program have saved customers money and provided our share owners with additional NFE. SAVEGREEN, our energy-efficiency program provides grants, incentives to customers to install high-efficiency equipment. SAVEGREEN is in place for June of 2017 and supports New Jersey’s energy efficiency goals, while helping both customers and share owners. We opened two public NGV fuel stations in late fiscal 2015; One at waste management facility in Toms River in Ocean County. And the second as Short Point Distributing Company’s facility in Freehold in Monmouth County. A third CNG station in Monmouth County is expected to open by the end of the current quarter. NJNG is authorized to earn an overall return of 7.1% on these stations including a 10.3% return on equity. Turning to Slide 14, you can see the impacts at our customer growth and regulatory initiatives, is currently expected to have on NJNG’s gross margins over the next 3 years. Customer growth will remain the largest contributor to the utility gross margin and we will also receive important contributions from SAVEGREEN and our BGSS incentive programs. Moving to Slide 15, midstream NFE totaled $9.8 million in fiscal 2015 compared with $7.5 million last year. The increase reflects higher revenue associated with better results at both Steckman Ridge and Iroquois. As Larry mentioned in September, we exchanged our 5.53% interest in Iroquois for $1.84 million common units of Dominion Midstream Partners. By doing so, NJR Midstream diversified portfolio would stake in other Dominion Midstream investments such as its preferred equity interest in the Cove Point LNG facility as well as other DM assets. This exchange generated a pretax gain of $24.6 million that is deferred and will be recognized as income win and if the partnership units are sold in the future. PennEast Pipeline, which we have a 20% interest filed its 7c application with FERC in September. NFE from NJR Midstream is expected to remain at between 5% and 10%. Turning to Slide 16, fiscal 2015 NFE at NJRES totaled $42.1 million compared with $79.7 million in fiscal ‘14. Our better than expected results were primarily driven by cold weather that created short-term increases in natural gas demand as well as price volatility, which in turn generated higher than expected gross margin. In the fourth quarter, NJRES experienced a smaller net financial loss of $5.4 million compared to $10.4 million last year. The quarterly results reflect a seasonal nature of RES’ business as well as lower operating and maintenance costs in fiscal ‘14 that did not recur. Our team has done an excellent job meeting our customers’ needs during periods of extreme weather and it’s developed a portfolio competitively priced storage and transportation assets. According to Natural Gas Intelligence, we are now the 16th largest gas marketer in North America. Moving to Slide 17, fiscal 2015 NFE at NJRCEV totaled $20.1 million compared with $12.7 million in fiscal ‘14. The higher results were due primarily to increased investment tax credits from solar capital expenditures placed into service during the year. We placed five grid connected commercial systems into service with a total capacity of 26.5 megawatts. We also invested $25 million in fiscal ‘15 in our Sunlight Advantage program, our residential solar lease program, which provides savings to eligible homeowners. The Sunlight Advantage program added 829 customers with 7.8 megawatts in fiscal ‘15 bringing the total number of customers almost 4,000 and growing its portfolio to more than 35.3 megawatts. Current total capacity of all of CEV solar projects is now 117.7 megawatts, which produces approximately 145,000 SRECs annually. Turning to Slide 18, we continue to build out our inventory of solar projects, while we construct our third wind project. Our strategy is focused on diversification of investments across this business. We have built a strong portfolio of New Jersey based solar programs, including both net metered projects in the commercial and residential markets as well as largest scale wholesale grid connected projects. We had advanced our diversification into onshore wind with projects across the country in Montana, Iowa and Kansas. Wind assets now comprise about 20% of our portfolio that can service. When our third project the Alexander Wind Farm goes into service next month, wind will represent almost 40% of our portfolio. On Slide 19, you can see that monthly solar capacity additions have declined significantly from the peak in early 2012, which combined with the annual increase in the renewable portfolio standards have supported a corresponding increase in SREC prices shown on the graph on the right. Since our Investor Day last month, SREC prices have increased from to $230 range to $275, with prices today right around $260. We believe these fundamentals will continue to support stable SREC prices in the future. In addition as shown on Slide 20, we have been actively hedging our expected SREC sales. We are currently 89% hedged for fiscal ‘16, as you can see from the chart and have been actively hedging for future years. The red line represents SRECs to be generated from our existing portfolio, so you see that fiscal ‘16 for example, we are effectively 100% hedged of our existing capacity. We believe that increase in the number of SRECs to be generated, the expectation of continued strength in SREC prices, the impact of our hedging program and expected earnings from our wind investments all support our forecast of 10% to 20% of our total NFE covenant from CEV in fiscal ‘16 and beyond and will result in a successful transition when the ITC drops from 30% to 10% on January 1, 2017. Turning to Slide 21, NJR Home Services NFE totaled $2.4 million in fiscal ‘15, about flat with fiscal ‘14 reflecting slightly lower installation revenues. We expect their NFE contribution to range between 1% and 3% in fiscal ‘16. And looking at our cash flow forecast on Slide 22, you can see the future benefits of the higher than expected earnings that we generated in both ‘14 and ‘15. We believe that our capital program can be properly financed over the next three years with a modest amount of newer equity, while maintaining appropriate credit metrics for our current ratings. The forecasted equity requirements you see have been reduced by about 50% because of those higher than expected earnings in both ‘14 and ‘15. Now, I will turn the call back to Larry for his closing comments. Larry Downes Thanks, Glenn. I want to conclude our call this morning with a review of our key strategic initiatives for fiscal ‘16, ‘17 and ‘18. Many of you recall that the format on Slide 23 was originally introduced at our 2014 Investor Conference in October that year. And it summarizes our key initiatives that support our annual 5% to 9% net financial earnings and 6% to 8% dividend growth targets. So to summarize that, our growth plan through fiscal 2018 was based upon strong customer growth, infrastructure investments and regulatory initiatives at New Jersey Natural Gas that will benefit both our customers and shareowners. We want to take advantage of expected natural gas price demand growth – natural gas demand growth and price volatility at NJR Energy services, while providing producer and asset management services. We are focused as you know on diversifying Clean Energy Ventures distributed power portfolio combined with improving SREC market fundamentals to provide steady income streams and expanding on midstream strategy, including PennEast. And we believe that when you look at these fundamentals, they remain strong and provide opportunities for future growth. And as I close, I also want to say thank you to our nearly 1,000 employees for their continued hard work and dedication. Without their efforts, we would not have achieved the excellent results we have reported to you this morning. Our employees are the foundation of our company and I am grateful for what they do for us every single day. So, I want to thank you for your time today. I wish you all the best for a happy Thanksgiving. And we are now ready for your questions and comments. Copyright policy: All transcripts on this site are the copyright of Seeking Alpha. However, we view them as an important resource for bloggers and journalists, and are excited to contribute to the democratization of financial information on the Internet. (Until now investors have had to pay thousands of dollars in subscription fees for transcripts.) 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Is This The Worst Time For MLP ETF Investing?

The double whammy of the recent crash in crude oil price below $40 and the Fed’s hawkish stance on interest rate hike are causing mayhem in the master limited partnership (MLPs) business. MLPs are involved in the business of transportation and storage of oil and gas, and they are suffering even more than the oil producers from the downturn in the market. MLPs primarily benefit from an uptick in oil production. However, U.S. oil producers are resorting to a cutback in oil production in response to falling prices. Oil drilling companies have idled over half their rigs from last month. The latest data from Baker Hughes Inc. (NYSE: BHI ) revealed that rigs engaged in the exploration and production of oil and gas totaled 767 for the week ended November 13, 2015, a decline of 4 from the prior week’s count and the lowest level seen since April 2002. The nationwide rig count is still less than half the prior-year level of 1,928. Despite a marginal rise to 574 last week, the oil rig count continues to be on the low end of the five-year range and is significantly below the previous year’s level of 1,578. International Energy Agency (EIA) has also reduced U.S. production outlook for 2016 by 1% to 8.77 million barrels per day. Some might think that the oil price is hitting its bottom but in reality it might head further south. This is because EIA has indicated that the global supply glut could get even worse as global stockpiles have reached the record level of 3 billion barrels owing to abundant supply from the OPEC countries as well as Iraq and Russia. Secondly, a strengthening U.S. dollar supported by the possibility of an interest rate hike weakens the demand scenario for greenback-priced commodities such as crude. A rising interest rate environment would also adversely impact the performance of MLPs for a number of reasons. Firstly, higher interest rates lower the appeal for high-yielding stocks such as MLPs, which have historically offered around 5% in yields and hence attracted investors’ attention due to ultra-low interest rates. Secondly, MLPs heavily depend on external financing to run their operations as they distribute most of their income as dividends. As a result, a rise in interest rates would increase their financing costs, which in turn would diminish their ability to keep distribution payments at the existing level. The adverse developments in the oil and gas sector and the threat of a looming interest rate hike are heavily weighing on MLP stocks and ETFs and indicate the worst may not be over yet. Below we highlight three MLP-based ETFs that have witnessed double-digit fall so far this year and may continue to experience a downspin in the near future as well. Alerian MLP ETF (NYSEARCA: AMLP ) This is the most popular MLP ETF with AUM of $7.3 billion. It tracks the Alerian MLP Infrastructure Index, measuring the performance of 25 energy infrastructure MLPs. The fund’s top three holdings include Enterprise Products Partners LP (NYSE: EPD ), Magellan Midstream Partners LP (NYSE: MMP ) and Energy Transfer Partners LP (NYSE: ETP ), together accounting for 25.4% of assets. The ETF trades in a solid volume of 7.1 million shares per day and is very expensive with 5.43% in expense ratio. It offers a robust dividend yield of 9.3% and has lost around 27% in the year-to-date timeframe (as of November 18, 2015). Credit Suisse X-Links Cushing MLP Infrastructure ETN (NYSEARCA: MLPN ) MLPN follows the Cushing 30 MLP Index, measuring the performance of 30 mid-stream stocks in North America. The note is well distributed with its top 10 holdings comprising around 35% of the assets. It has an AUM of $505 million and exchanges roughly 192,000 shares in hand per day. MLPN charges 85 bps in annual fees and has a dividend yield of 6.8%. The note tumbled nearly 34% so far this year. iPath S&P MLP ETN (NYSEARCA: IMLP ) IMLP tracks the S&P MLP Index measuring the performance of MLP stocks that are classified in the GICS Energy Sector and GICS Gas Utilities Industry. Enterprise Products Partners, Energy Transfer Equity LP (NYSE: ETE ) and Energy Transfer Partners are the top three holdings in the fund with a combined exposure of nearly 35%. The product has amassed around $413 million in assets and trades in a moderate volume of roughly 97,000 shares per day. It charges 80 bps in investor fees and offers a dividend yield of 7%. IMLP shed 31.6% in the year-to-date timeframe. Original post .