Tag Archives: emerging

Low Volatility Funds Outperform In 2016

In July and August of 2015, I wrote an expansive series of fourteen articles on the Low Volatility Anomaly, or why lower risk investments have outperformed higher risk investments over time. This Anomaly seems paradoxical; investors should be paid through higher returns for securities with a greater risk of loss. Across different markets, geographies, and time intervals, the series shows that higher beta investments have not delivered higher realized returns and offers suggestions backed by academic research to suggest why this might be the case. We are in another period where lower volatility stocks are dramatically outperforming higher beta stocks, and this article will demonstrate the relative performance of these strategies year-to-date. I will demonstrate the relative performance across capitalization sizes (large cap, mid-cap, and small cap equity) and other geographies (international developed and emerging markets). Readers may counter that, of course, lower risk stocks are outperforming in a down market, so I will show relative performance of the indices underpinning these strategies back to the March 2009 cyclical lows. If lower volatility strategies capture less upside in bull markets, then perhaps their value in corrections is overstated. Let’s look at the evidence. Year-to-Date Performance: Large-Cap Thus far in 2016, the two most popular low volatility exchange-traded funds, the iShares MSCI USA Minimum Volatility ETF (NYSEARCA: USMV ) and the S&P 500 Low Volatility Portfolio (NYSEARCA: SPLV ) are handily beating the S&P 500 (NYSEARCA: SPY ), the broad domestic equity market gauge. Through Friday’s close, the S&P 500 has generated a -8.46% total return while the most popular low volatility funds have lost just over three percent. Relative performance is graphed below: Click to enlarge Source: Bloomberg; Standard and Poor’s Year-to-Date Performance: Mid-Cap Mid-cap stocks have further underperformed large cap stocks thus far in 2016 with the SPDR S&P MidCap 400 ETF (NYSEARCA: MDY ) producing a -9.57% return. The low volatility subset of this index, replicated through the PowerShares S&P MidCap Low Volatility Portfolio (NYSEARCA: XMLV ) has also meaningfully outperformed in 2016, besting the mid-cap and large cap indices. For a historical examination of the risk-adjusted returns of this index, see my article on ” The Low Volatility Anomaly: Mid Caps “. Click to enlarge Source: Bloomberg; Standard and Poor’s Year-to-Date Performance: Small Cap Like both large and mid-cap stocks, the PowerShares S&P SmallCap Low Volatility Portfolio (NYSEARCA: XSLV ) has meaningfully outperformed the S&P 600 SmallCap Index ETF (NYSEARCA: IJR ). While the exchange-traded fund has a limited history (February 2013 inception date), the underlying index has data back for twenty years, demonstrating a return profile that would have bested the S&P 500 by nearly four percentage points per annum with lower variability of returns. This fund may deliver both the “size premia” and the “low volatility anomaly” in one vehicle, and has acquitted itself decently (543bp outperformance versus small caps and 307bp outperformance versus the S&P 500) in a rough market start to 2016. For a historical examination of the risk-adjusted returns of this index, see my article on ” The Low Volatility Anomaly: Small Caps “. Click to enlarge Source: Bloomberg; Standard and Poor’s Year-to-Date Performance: International Developed Negative equity market performance has obviously not been unique to the United States amidst a global sell-off. The PowerShares S&P International Developed Low Volatility Portfolio (NYSEARCA: IDLV ) has outperformed non-US developed markets, besting the Vanguard FTSE All-World ex-US ETF (NYSEARCA: VEU ) by 450bp in 2016. Click to enlarge Source: Bloomberg; Standard and Poor’s Year-to-Date Performance: Emerging Markets Pressured by the spillover from decelerating Chinese growth, commodity market sensitivity, and increased market and currency volatility, emerging markets have been a focal point for stress in 2016, but the PowerShares S&P Emerging Markets Low Volatility Portfolio (NYSEARCA: EELV ) has meaningfully outperformed the two largest emerging market exchange traded funds – the Vanguard FTSE Emerging Markets ETF (NYSEARCA: VWO ) and the iShares MSCI Emerging Markets ETF (NYSEARCA: EEM ). Click to enlarge Source: Bloomberg; Standard and Poor’s In past articles, I have often demonstrated the efficacy of Low Volatility strategies by showing the relative outperformance of the S&P 500 Low Volatility Index (NYSEARCA: SPLV ) versus the S&P 500 and S&P 500 High Beta Index (NYSEARCA: SPHB ). The Low Volatility bent produces both higher absolute returns and much higher risk-adjusted returns. Click to enlarge Readers might look at these cumulative total return graphs and believe they can time the points at which high beta stocks outperform. From the close of the week at the cyclical lows in March 2009 to Friday’s close, the Low Volatility Index has also outperformed on an absolute basis. Click to enlarge In a long bull market that saw 16%+ annualized returns, you have not conceded performance when including the recent correction. In addition to less variable returns over time, low volatility strategies also afford more downside protection – an important feature that has been valuable in early 2016. Disclaimer: My articles may contain statements and projections that are forward-looking in nature, and therefore inherently subject to numerous risks, uncertainties and assumptions. While my articles focus on generating long-term risk-adjusted returns, investment decisions necessarily involve the risk of loss of principal. Individual investor circumstances vary significantly, and information gleaned from my articles should be applied to your own unique investment situation, objectives, risk tolerance, and investment horizon. Disclosure: I am/we are long SPY, SPLV, USMV, VWO, IDLV, XSLV, IJR. I wrote this article myself, and it expresses my own opinions. I am not receiving compensation for it (other than from Seeking Alpha). I have no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article.

Mixed Views On Emerging Markets: Funds To Buy And Sell

There are mixed views on emerging markets now. According to a report from Bank of America Merrill Lynch, fund managers have mostly been pessimistic about emerging-market equities since 2001. On the other hand, some strategists at leading banks and financial companies believe that securities from emerging markets may have hit their lowest point. Amid the contradictory opinions, certain market experts are of the view that investors often invest in emerging market funds too late or they stay invested for too long. So, while buying certain favourably ranked emerging market funds at a discount now should be a prudent move, investors may also dump certain Sell-rated funds that their portfolio will not miss. The Pessimism According to Bank of America Merrill Lynch’s monthly survey, fund managers are the most underweight on emerging-market equities against developed-market equities since the survey began in 2001. While post 2009, fund managers’ relative positioning had jumped and stayed mostly in the green till 2013, the sentiment soured after that. In 2014, the sentiment dropped to a new low before rebounding in late 2014 and early 2015. However, the sentiment is the most pessimistic now. The bearish outlook is concentrated mostly on Asia. Investors are apprehensive about the slowdown in China’s economy while the U.S. central bank may hike rates. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) meeting on Nov 30 is also crucial. Investors fear further devaluation in the Chinese currency but not before IMF adds the yuan to its Special Drawing Rights basket of currencies. And if this happens, Bank of America strategists fear that the markets will move even lower. Goldman Sachs projects that yuan traded at offshore rate may weaken by 2.5% to 3% against the dollar in the next 2 months. Eventually, the devaluation of yuan may impact other emerging-market currencies, as they are often influenced by the monetary policies in the world’s second-largest economy, China. The Contrarian View Meanwhile, market watchers at a number of leading banks and financial institutions have said that they believe asset values for emerging markets have hit a rock bottom. In fact, the views come from the likes of Bank of America, Goldman Sachs and Barclays PLC. Following three continuous years of losses, markets and assets from developing nations are poised for a rebound. According to Morningstar, in the 12 months ended October, emerging-market stock funds traded in the US dropped an average 13.4%. A major indicator of valuations for emerging markets is the MSCI Emerging Markets Index, which is down 30% from the high achieved in 2011. The index is currently trading at approximately 12x its earnings estimates. Additionally, the index’s valuation is nearly three times lower than the S&P 500’s current figure. This is why analysts at Barclays believe that prices of emerging market securities are significantly lower than their intrinsic value. Over the six-month period since the last three American market tightening cycles began, global markets have gained an average 15%. Strategists are also hopeful that emerging markets might rebound in 2016. They say that it might not mirror the “roaring”2000s, but 2016 might be the year the emerging markets “find their feet”. 2 Emerging Market Funds to Buy As mentioned earlier, investors should not miss the buying opportunity. An uptrend in emerging economies brings good tidings for investment instruments from these countries. Many of them currently have reasonable valuations compared to their historical averages. Below we present 2 International Bond – Emerging Market mutual funds that carry either a Zacks Mutual Fund Rank #1 (Strong Buy) or Zacks Mutual Fund Rank #2 (Buy). Remember, the goal of the Zacks Mutual Fund Rank is to guide investors to identify potential winners and losers. Unlike most of the fund-rating systems, the Zacks Mutual Fund Rank is not just focused on past performance, but also on the likely future success of the fund. Fidelity New Markets Income (MUTF: FNMIX ) fund invests the lion’s share of its assets in emerging markets or makes other investments that are economically linked to emerging markets that have stock markets as defined by MSCI. These emerging market countries also may also be the ones with low- to middle-income as classified by the World Bank. FNMIX currently carries a Zacks Mutual Fund Rank #1. FSRPX has gained respectively 3.7% and 0.2% in the year-to-date and 1-year periods. The 3- and 5-year annualized returns are 1.2% and 5.4%, respectively. Annual expense ratio of 0.84% is lower than the category average of 1.16%. Goldman Sachs Emerging Market Debt A (MUTF: GSDAX ) predominantly invests in emerging market debt securities. These instruments may be issued by governments as well as corporate entities. To gain exposure to certain emerging economies, GSDAX may use structured securities or derivatives among others. GSDAX currently carries a Zacks Mutual Fund Rank #2. GSDAX has gained respectively 2.8% and 0.5% in the year-to-date and 1-year periods. The 3- and 5-year annualized returns are 1.5% and 5.1%, respectively. Annual expense ratio of 1.24% is higher than the category average of 1.16%. 2 Emerging Market Funds to Sell It is also important to not stay invested in certain underperforming funds. For investors not ready to bet on the emerging markets now or for investors who have lost plenty staying invested in some emerging market funds, below we present 2 funds that either carry a Zacks Mutual Fund Rank #4 (Sell) or Zacks Mutual Fund Rank #5 (Strong Sell). Eaton Vance Emerging Markets Local Income A (MUTF: EEIAX ) gains exposure to the emerging economies by investing in securities and derivatives among other instruments. Bulk of EEIAX’s assets are invested in securities denominated in currencies of emerging market countries, fixed income instruments that are issued by emerging market entities, and in emerging-market denominated derivative instruments. EEIAX currently carries a Zacks Mutual Fund Rank #5. EEIAX has lost respectively 10.6% and 16.5% in the year-to-date and 1-year periods. The 3- and 5-year annualized returns are negative 7.2% and negative 2.5%, respectively. Annual expense ratio of 1.25% is higher than the category average of 1.16%. PIMCO Emerging Markets Currency A (MUTF: PLMAX ) invests most of its assets in currencies of emerging market countries or in fixed income instruments denominated by these currencies. PLMAX currently carries a Zacks Mutual Fund Rank #4. PLMAX has lost respectively 5.2% and 9.7% in the year-to-date and 1-year periods. The 3- and 5-year annualized returns are negative 4.7% and negative 2.4%, respectively. Annual expense ratio of 1.25% is lower than the category average of 1.58%. Original post

Why Invest In Emerging Market Small Cap Stocks?

Summary The notion of a “small-cap premium” is deeply established in investors’ consciousness. Many investors include an explicit allocation to U.S. and international small-cap stocks in their portfolios in order to benefit from the implied outperformance of this market segment. Recently there has been a growing interest in whether making a similar allocation to emerging market small-cap stocks can be beneficial. We detail the motivations of EM small cap investors and whether empirical evidence supports those motivations. By Tim Atwill, Ph.D., CFA, Head of Investment Strategy and Mahesh Pritamani, Ph.D., CFA, Senior Researcher An investor in emerging market small-cap stocks typically has three main motivations behind their interest in the asset class: presumed higher return; better diversification with their developed equity allocation; and more “focused” exposure to the emerging markets, in that small-cap companies tend to be more domestically focused in their economic activities. Below, we lay out the empirical evidence which supports these motivations. We show that while the return advantage and “pure exposure” arguments are strongly supported, the diversifcation benefit is relatively modest. HIGHER RETURNS Historically, small capitalization stocks have been seen as having higher potential returns than mid- and large-cap stocks. However, the bulk of the research examining this premium has focused primarily on the U.S. markets, and, to a lesser extent, the international markets. Below, we compare the excess returns of the MSCI® Emerging Markets Small Cap Index to the MSCI Emerging Markets Index to evaluate whether a similar small-cap premium exists in emerging markets. (click to enlarge) Figure 1 shows that in most years, small-cap stocks earn a relative premium to large- and mid-cap stocks. However, as with most matters in investing, there is no such thing as a free lunch, and several years had notable underperformance. Moreover, the oversized small-cap premium in 2009 highlights the timing risk associated with trying to capture the small-cap premium. This is also evident in Figure 2 which shows the annualized small-cap premium on a rolling 3-year basis, where the realized premium ranges from -5.4% to 9.2%. (click to enlarge) These results indicate that although there is evidence of a small-cap premium in the emerging markets, one has to be invested for the long-term in order to earn it. LOWER CORRELATION WITH DEVELOPED ECONOMY EQUITIES Many argue that small-cap companies are more focused on their local economies, and because of this are less connected to the global economy. Accordingly, such small-cap stocks should provide higher diversification benefits within an investor’s portfolio, versus the benefit from buying equities of larger, more globally-focused companies, which are included in more traditional emerging markets equity allocations. To demonstrate the diversification benefits associated with investing in emerging market small-cap stocks, we calculate the correlation of the MSCI World Index (which represents the equities of the developed markets) to the MSCI Emerging Markets Index, as well as the MSCI Emerging Markets Small Cap Index. (click to enlarge) As can be seen, emerging market small-cap stocks have historically shown a modestly lower correlation with the developed markets than large and mid-cap emerging market stocks. That is to say, emerging market small-cap stocks should provide a higher degree of diversification if included in an investor’s portfolio. Moreover, Figure 3 shows that this diversification benefit persists over most time periods. Therefore, a portfolio which includes an allocation to emerging market small cap stocks should expect to achieve some minor benefits from this lower correlation, including lower predicted portfolio volatility versus a similar portfolio which only includes large- and-mid-cap emerging market stocks. A “FOCUSED” EMERGING MARKETS EXPOSURE One of the reasons for investing in emerging markets, in general, is to gain exposure to smaller, less developed economies which have the potential to grow at a faster rate than developed economies. However, given the globalization of the world economy, several emerging market countries now have a small number of companies that are global in nature and known worldwide. A prime example of this is Korea-based Samsung, a truly global company, whose consumer products (such as TVs and smart phones) are bought all over the world and whose profitability is more likely tied to the world economy than the local Korean economy. A portion of the MSCI Emerging Markets Index constituents is in such global companies, under-cutting to some degree this motivation for investing in the emerging markets. By avoiding such companies, an investor in the small-cap segment of the emerging markets has the potential to obtain an exposure more focused on the local emerging market economies. To quantify this, we look at each company within both the MSCI EM Small Cap Index and the MSCI EM Index, and calculate the percentage of revenue which comes from outside its “home” country. We then capitalization-weight these percentages for each index, and present the results below. (click to enlarge) As shown in Figure 4, emerging market small-cap companies do receive much less of their revenue from outside their home economies (approximately one-quarter, versus almost one-third for large/mid-cap stocks). In addition, this focus on local economies remained relatively static over the past decade, while globally, small-cap companies saw growth in foreign revenues. This data suggests that an investor in the small-cap segment of the emerging markets captures a “focused” exposure to the local emerging market economies, because small-cap names are generally more reflective of local economies, and that this focus is more persistent than is observed globally. CONCLUSION Investors currently hear many arguments for investing in emerging market small-cap stocks, and while these arguments appeal to intuition, we have found varying degrees of support for them in the historical data. After exploring the three most common reasons for investing in the emerging market small-cap stocks – earning a small-cap premium, realizing the benefits of increased diversification, and achieving a more focused exposure to the local economies in emerging market countries – we find supporting evidence for all three of these arguments. One can potentially earn a small-cap premium by investing in small-cap stocks, though there is the risk that small-cap stocks will underperform large- and mid-cap stocks over multiple years. Historical evidence also demonstrates that although emerging market small-cap stocks are less correlated with the developed markets, this diversification benefit is relatively modest in size. It also appears that small companies in the emerging markets are more focused on their local markets, and so are potentially well positioned to benefit from the higher expected growth rates in these developing economies. All in all, we find the data encouraging for those investors who are considering a long-term strategic allocation to emerging markets small-cap stocks.